Kittanning, PA Walking Trails and Maps

1376 Reviews

Looking for the best Walking trails around Kittanning?

Find the top rated walking trails in Kittanning, whether you're looking for an easy short walking trail or a long walking trail, you'll find what you're looking for. Click on a walking trail below to find trail descriptions, trail maps, photos, and reviews.

  • Relevance
  • Name
  • Length
  • Most Popular
Activities
Length
Surfaces
Type
56 Results
Activities
Length
Surfaces
Type

Allegheny River Trail

29.6 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

Armstrong Trails

48.1 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Crushed Stone

Beaver Meadow Trail

2.9 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

Blairsville Riverfront Trail

1.7 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

Butler-Freeport Community Trail

19.9 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Crushed Stone, Dirt

Clarion-Little Toby Trail

18.4 mi
State: PA
Crushed Stone

Cowanshannock Trail

1.1 mi
State: PA
Crushed Stone

Ghost Town Trail

49.2 mi
State: PA
Crushed Stone

Great Allegheny Passage

153.22 mi
State: MD, PA
Asphalt, Concrete, Crushed Stone, Dirt, Gravel

Great American Rail-Trail

3743.9 mi
State: DC, IA, ID, IL, IN, MD, MT, NE, OH, PA, WA, WV, WY
Asphalt, Concrete, Crushed Stone

Knox & Kane Rail Trail

47.6 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Crushed Stone, Gravel

Ligonier Valley Trail

1 mi
State: PA
Gravel

Lincoln Avenue Rails to Trails Greenway

1.5 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Crushed Stone

Little Crabtree Creek Trail

1.3 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Crushed Stone

Mahoning Shadow Trail

15 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Crushed Stone

Montour Trail

63 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Crushed Stone

Moraine State Park Bike Trail

7.1 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

North Hills Harmony Trail

0.8 mi
State: PA
Crushed Stone
Accordion

Oil City Trail

3 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Boardwalk, Concrete

Oil Creek State Park Trail

9.5 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

Panhandle Trail

29 mi
State: PA, WV
Asphalt, Crushed Stone

Path of the Flood Trail

11.8 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Ballast, Crushed Stone

Rail 66 Country Trail

20.1 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

Redbank Valley Rail Trail

50.8 mi
State: PA
Ballast, Crushed Stone

Roaring Run Trail

4.8 mi
State: PA
Crushed Stone

Rock Furnace Trail

1.5 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

Samuel Justus Recreation Trail

6.98 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

Sandy Creek Trail (PA)

12 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

Sandyvale Trail

0.6 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

Three Rivers Heritage Trail

26.6 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Crushed Stone

West Penn Trail

15.2 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Crushed Stone, Gravel

Westmoreland Heritage Trail

21 mi
State: PA
Crushed Stone

Apollo's Kiski Riverfront Trail

1.5 mi
State: PA
Crushed Stone

Arboretum Trail

0.8 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Ballast

Beaver River Trail

1.7 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

Clarion Highlands

12.6 mi
State: PA
Dirt, Gravel

Coal & Coke Trail

6.1 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Crushed Stone

Five Bridges Trail

8.5 mi
State: PA
Ballast, Cinder, Dirt, Grass

Five Star Trail

7.8 mi
State: PA
Crushed Stone

Hoodlebug Trail

11.8 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Gravel

Jim Mayer Riverswalk

2 mi
State: PA
Crushed Stone

Johnstown Greenway Trail

0.6 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

McClintock Trail

9.4 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

Montour Trail - Airport Connector

6.5 mi
State: PA
Asphalt

Stavich Bicycle Trail

9.9 mi
State: OH, PA
Asphalt

Tredway Trail

5.5 mi
State: PA
Crushed Stone

Wolf Run Trail (PA)

4.2 mi
State: PA
Gravel

Honan Avenue Trail

3.5 mi
State: PA
Dirt

Washington's Landing Trail

2.1 mi
State: PA
Crushed Stone

Clearview Park Trail

0.76 mi
State: PA
Crushed Stone, Woodchips

PWS Trail System

36 mi
State: PA
Asphalt, Crushed Stone

Great Shamokin Path

3.6 mi
State: PA
Dirt, Grass, Gravel

Clymer Trail

0.25 mi
State: PA
Asphalt
Trail Image Trail Name States Length Surface Rating
Overview The Allegheny River Trail runs on asphalt between Franklin and Emlenton for 27.5 miles and on an isolated section between Foxburg and Parker for 2.5 miles.  About the Route Keep your...
PA 29.6 mi Asphalt
Overview Armstrong Trails connects riverfront towns along the eastern bank of the Allegheny River as it winds through the lush Allegheny Plateau. The flat trail, currently 44.2 miles, runs along a...
PA 48.1 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
Developed as a Safe Routes to School project, the paved section of the Beaver Meadow Trail runs eastward for 1.5 miles from the Dubois City Park along the northern bank of Sandy Lick Creek traversing...
PA 2.9 mi Asphalt
The Blairsville Riverfront Trail is a scenic woodland trail located along the Conemaugh River. The property the trail was built on is owned by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, who maintain a...
PA 1.7 mi Asphalt
Overview Located about 30 minutes northeast of Pittsburgh, the Butler-Freeport Community Trail is nestled in the scenic wooded valley that follows Little Buffalo Creek to Buffalo Creek and on to...
PA 19.9 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone, Dirt
The Clarion-Little Toby Trail lets you venture on the wild side for 18 miles as it traverses remote state hunting grounds adjoining the Allegheny National Forest. You’ll likely see deer and other...
PA 18.4 mi Crushed Stone
The scenic 1.1-mile Cowanshannock Trail is a great pathway for hikers, walkers, and bikers.  The trail follows the Cowanshannock Creek on an abandoned Pennsylvania Railroad Company corridor. In the...
PA 1.1 mi Crushed Stone
The David S. Ammerman Trail rolls through Pennsylvania coal country for nearly 11 miles between Clearfield and Grampian, skirting the West Branch of the Susquehanna River and two of its tributaries....
PA 10.6 mi Crushed Stone
Overview Winding through the scenic Blacklick Creek watershed east of Pittsburgh, the 49.2-mile Ghost Town Trail is composed of the 32-mile main stem (running between Black Lick and Ebensburg) and...
PA 49.2 mi Crushed Stone
Notice: There are a couple detours along the long GAP route. At mile 22, Big Savage Tunnel is closed for the winter. At mile 76 in Ohiopyle State Park there is a culvert replacement underway along the...
MD, PA 153.22 mi Asphalt, Concrete, Crushed Stone, Dirt, Gravel
Note: This developing route is not yet fully contiguous – it is just over 50% complete. Please refer to the Trail Map for more information on the existing sections of trail, as well as the online...
DC, IA, ID, IL, IN, MD, MT, NE, OH, PA, WA, WV, WY 3743.9 mi Asphalt, Concrete, Crushed Stone
The 11.7-mile John C. Oliver Multi-Purpose Loop Trail is a centerpiece of Maurice K. Goddard State Park, which spans 2,856 acres in northwestern Pennsylvania. The mostly shaded, paved, off-road trail...
PA 11.7 mi Asphalt
Winding through the fields and forests of northern Pennsylvania, the Knox & Kane Rail Trail follows a former railroad corridor. Spanning four counties (Clarion, Elk, Forest & McKean), the Knox & Kane...
PA 47.6 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone, Gravel
The first 0.5 mile of the Ligonier Valley Trail and Bikeway is now complete, linking the town's popular attractions: Fort Ligonier from the days of George Washington and the French and Indian War, the...
PA 1 mi Gravel
To the residents of Latrobe, the Lincoln Avenue Rails to Trails Greenway is more than a simple off-road path: it also a social asset, a place where community members of all ages and walks of life can...
PA 1.5 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
Less than an hour from Pittsburgh, the Little Crabtree Creek travels for just over a mile in Unity Township, east of Greensburg. This first phase of the trail opened in July 2014; a future phase will...
PA 1.3 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
If Punxsutawney Phil sees his shadow on Groundhog Day, Mahoning Shadow Trail users expect six more weeks of winter before spring arrives. The 15-mile Central Pennsylvania trail passes through the...
PA 15 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
Overview The 63-mile Montour Trail & spurs forms a semicircle around the  Greater Pittsburgh Area and is one of the longest suburban rail trails in the United States, featuring a selection of...
PA 63 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
Overview Moraine State Park features a paved multiuse trail, which runs along the north shore of Lake Arthur for 7.1 miles. Along the way, enjoy beautiful scenery, especially during the fall as...
PA 7.1 mi Asphalt
The Harmony Trail in the North Hills is managed by volunteers with the Rachel Carson Trails Conservancy. The 0.8-mile route is essentially an out-and-back route with the best access from Wexford-Bayne...
PA 0.8 mi Crushed Stone
Accordion
The Oil City Trail connects the Samuel Justus Recreation Trail and the McClintock Trail through the center of Oil City, Pennsylvania.  The 2-mile walking and biking pathway runs along the Allegheny...
PA 3 mi Asphalt, Boardwalk, Concrete
It’s hard to believe that the world’s first oil boom occurred along the path of what’s now the Oil Creek State Park Trail. The park’s forests, beaver ponds, and trout streams were once the site of oil...
PA 9.5 mi Asphalt
Overview The Panhandle Trail offers a direct 29-mile journey between the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia and the suburbs of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Although the trail follows an old railroad...
PA, WV 29 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
The Path of the Flood Trail might be unique among rail-trails for being named after a tragedy, the Johnstown Flood of 1889, considered the nation’s worst catastrophe of the 19th century. Some 2,200...
PA 11.8 mi Asphalt, Ballast, Crushed Stone
Paralleling PA-66, the Rail 66 Country Trail runs between Marianne in Clarion County and the county line with Forest County. This paved, multiuse rail-trail lies on the historic Knox-Kane railroad bed...
PA 20.1 mi Asphalt
Overview The Redbank Valley Rail Trail carries trail users along the forested banks of Redbank Creek for nearly 51 miles to the Allegheny River and along a 9-mile perpendicular spur to...
PA 50.8 mi Ballast, Crushed Stone
Overview Evidence of the Roaring Run Trail’s past lives are readily visible all along the 4.8-mile corridor in western Pennsylvania. Stone remains in the Kiskiminetas River (Kiski for short) mark...
PA 4.8 mi Crushed Stone
The 1.5-mile Rock Furnace Trail is a scenic path in Roaring Run Recreation Area. The trail follows Roaring Run Creek from its confluence at the Kiski River to a small parking area off Brownstown Road....
PA 1.5 mi Asphalt
Oil flows through the veins of the Samuel Justus Recreation Trail. Its northern departure point is Oil City, which was founded during the 1860s oil boom and became the headquarters for several...
PA 6.98 mi Asphalt
Overview Trail users will want to pack water, food, and flashlights to travel the Sandy Creek Trail, as it crosses 12 miles of remote, but scenic, countryside in Northwestern Pennsylvania. Named...
PA 12 mi Asphalt
The Sandyvale Trail is a multi-use trail in the Sandyvale Memorial Gardens, a park and pioneer cemetery in Johnstown, PA. The are two parallel branches: One runs through the middle of the park,...
PA 0.6 mi Asphalt
Overview Three Rivers Heritage Trail features the best that the city of Pittsburgh has to offer, connecting major cultural venues, the downtown area, historical sites, and some of the city’s most...
PA 26.6 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
Overview The West Penn Trail meanders 15 miles between Saltsburg and just west of Blairsville. The rail-trail winds through woods, fields, and along the Conemaugh River. About the Route Other...
PA 15.2 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone, Gravel
The 21-mile Westmoreland Heritage Trail, a family-friendly multiuse rail-trail, offers opportunities for recreation and connections to nature along its two separated segments between Saltsburg and...
PA 21 mi Crushed Stone
Apollo's Kiski Riverfront Trail, built on the former M-Line Railroad bed, begins in downtown Apollo and follows the scenic Kiskiminetas River (called "Kiski" locally) to North Apollo. The nearly level...
PA 1.5 mi Crushed Stone
One of Pennsylvania's rail-with-trails, where trains and trail users share a corridor, the Arboretum Trail is a lovely landscaped trail through downtown Oakmont. The rail corridor has a dramatic...
PA 0.8 mi Asphalt, Ballast
Following the former Pittsburgh and Lake Erie Railroad in downtown Beaver Falls, this asphalt rail-trail runs through a park setting as it parallels the Beaver River along the northeast edge of...
PA 1.7 mi Asphalt
Overview The Clarion Highlands Trail is one of the highest rail-trails in the Commonwealth. It traverses the Allegheny Plateau, passing over the divide between the Clarion and Allegheny Rivers. Its...
PA 12.6 mi Dirt, Gravel
The scenic Coal & Coke Trail connects the communities of Mount Pleasant and Scottdale in Westmoreland County, offering samples of the picturesque nature and friendly suburban feel of the area. The...
PA 6.1 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
The Five Bridges Trail in northwestern Pennsylvania uses a portion of the former Pittsburgh and Shawmut Railroad corridor, which ran from Brockway to Brookville. Begin at the western end of the...
PA 8.5 mi Ballast, Cinder, Dirt, Grass
The stars in the Big Dipper and Little Dipper help navigators locate the North Star. Following the five stars in the Five Star Trail—the municipalities of Hempfield Township, Youngwood, South...
PA 7.8 mi Crushed Stone
If you have a tendency to tootle along when you walk or bicycle, then consider taking the Hoodlebug Trail. You’ll find many diversions in and around the college campus in the borough of Indiana and...
PA 11.8 mi Asphalt, Gravel
The waterway implied in the name of the Jim Mayer Riverswalk is the beautiful Stonycreek River. The trail, also named for a local conservationist, hugs its eastern bank, providing a natural retreat in...
PA 2 mi Crushed Stone
This is a riverfront recreational pathway sometimes known as the Iron Street Trail or the Ironworks Trail. The trail is short, about a half mile from Johns Street north to Roosevelt Boulevard via the...
PA 0.6 mi Asphalt
As it winds along Oil Creek, McClintock Trail connects Oil Creek State Park with Oil City. Note that much of the route is on-road. Just south of the park, a 1.8-mile section on Waitz Road, a dirt...
PA 9.4 mi Asphalt
The Airport Connector is a spur off the impressive Montour Trail that circles the western outskirts of Pittsburgh. The paved pathway begins just off the extended-term parking lot on the western end of...
PA 6.5 mi Asphalt
Overview The Stavich Bicycle Trail runs from the Youngstown suburb of Struthers to the outskirts of New Castle, Pennsylvania. Running through the Mahoning River Valley, the route follows a rolling...
OH, PA 9.9 mi Asphalt
The Tredway Trail's full name is the Wynn and Clara Tredway River Trail, a 9-mile multiuse rail-trail on the eastern side of the Allegheny River just north of New Kensington. The trail is included in...
PA 5.5 mi Crushed Stone
Running parallel to State Route 219, this 4 mile section of trail has been built on a former line of the Pennsylvania Railroad (Line 651) and runs from Sandy Township in Clearfield County (near...
PA 4.2 mi Gravel
The Honan Avenue Trail is a 3.5 mile long community pathway in Johnstown, Pennsylvania. The trail begins at the River Walk Trail in Cambria City, Johnstown, then heads north for three miles along...
PA 3.5 mi Dirt
Washington's Landing, a 42-acre island in the Allegheny River, is now home to a thriving mixed-use community after a successful brownfield reclamation. The Washington's Landing Trail forms almost a...
PA 2.1 mi Crushed Stone
The route is primitive and unimproved. The trail crosses several streams that are not bridged. The trail follows the scenic Tionesta Creek with lots of great scenery and fishing.
PA 12 mi Dirt, Grass
A short, but sweet, unassuming trail which runs on former trolley right-of-way while flanked by Clearview Avenue above and Crafton Boulevard below. Provides a traffic-free alternative to busy Crafton...
PA 0.76 mi Crushed Stone, Woodchips
Forbes State Forest and the adjacent state parks (Linn Run, Laurel Mountain, and Laurel Ridge) maintain the PWS Trail System, a network of snowmobile trails and forest service roads though the...
PA 36 mi Asphalt, Crushed Stone
Overview  The Great Shamokin Path runs for 3.6 miles between Yatesboro and Numine. The mixed-terrain path parallels Cowanshannock Creek in its entirety.  About the Route  The western end of...
PA 3.6 mi Dirt, Grass, Gravel
Clymer Trail offers a short, but pleasant route along a wooded hillside on Clymer Borough's west end. The rail-trail follows the former Sample Run Mine Branch of the Cherry Tree & Dixonville Railroad....
PA 0.25 mi Asphalt

Recent Trail Reviews

North Hills Harmony Trail

Great little trail

April, 2025 by vicki1960

While in the area we stopped at this trail. Parked at the only parking lot, on Wexford Bayne Road, and headed South. Surface was crushed stone and about 8 feet wide. Very nice for walking or small children bicycling. We walked this trails entire length and back. Just beyond where the limestone ends is a culvert and large deep creek so you can't go any farther and there isn't anything ahead anyhow. This trail is surrounded by private property on each side, some business on the one side and residential homes on the other side. About 1/4 of a mile into the trail is the Rachel Carson hiking trail. It goes up the the chamber of commerce building.

Great Allegheny Passage

well maintained, pretty area

April, 2025 by astroman

PA-Cumberland 5/2023. Loved this trail with lots of places to camp, a winding and entertaining trail, views of the river, tunnels, small towns along the way. I particularly liked Frostburg and camped two nights. The switchbacks up to town aren't as miserable as some describe and the view is rewarding. The Toasted Goat in Hotel Gunter is an old hotel worth a walk around and a meal. Check out the basement holding cell and speakeasy.

Armstrong Trails

New southern end - not quite as nice.

April, 2025 by vdeal

Having ridden from Rosston to East Brady in 2021, a buddy and I decided to ride the newly opened southern end of the Armstrong. In a nutshell, It is not as nice. Starting again from the Rosston boat marina we headed south. Right away the surface is not as smooth as going north. Instead of a fine limestone sand, the surface appears to be a sort of fairly small gravel, close to what is known as crusher run but not quite. It is still quite rideable however. This section of the trail has little to see for quite a ways. Eventually, you come upon some riverside cottages. These are not as nice as the ones up towards East Brady but they’re okay. That’s it till you hit Schenley where you come upon abandoned or near abandoned factories - signs of the industrial decay in the area. At the end is the highlight of the trip, the newly opened bridge over the Kiskiminetas River. They did a very nice job on this and it’s pretty long. After the bridge we headed up the Kiski on the trail (also called the Leechburg Towpath). This section was less appealing. Right away there is some kind of rental campground for campers right along the river with campers packed in and there is a dirt road immediately to the left of the trail. It takes a while but you get past these. The ride in the woods is punctuated by acid mine drainage several places and then you come upon the large, abandoned Allegheny Ludlum steel plant. After riding past this for a ways the trail just pops out onto what was obviously an access road to the factory at one point. We weren’t sure if the trail continued but kept riding up the road. No one we saw knew either, there were no signs. After a ways we came to a gate across the road with a bike bypass and there was an Armstrong Trails sign there. This may be the end of the trail but we rode on a bit and saw the familiar green and white bike route signs and followed on. They led us on some bike paths and low traffic streets in Leechburg to the Leechburg Riverfront Park. If you ride this way be sure to stop here. They have picnic tables and a gazebo and it’s a very nice rest and lunch spot. After lunch we continued on as the signs took us on more side streets to the Hyde Park Foot Bridge - a suspension type bridge across the Kiski. Definitely worth the short ride. That was the end of the trail and we headed back. Note that there is less shade on this trail and we were cooked by the sun on the way back. While I gave the north end of the Armstrong four stars this section barely rates three. Stick to the north section if you’re riding for the first time.

Accordion

Clarion Highlands

Hiked It

April, 2025 by vicki1960

Parked at Kline Road, though no designated parking area, there was enough space off to the side of the road to park one vehicle without blocking the gate and lane. Headed West approx 2 miles and turned around. Trail is flat, sits high up almost as high as the next ridge over, and looking way down is Sandy Creek. Surface was dirt, cinder and gravel. Very wide in some areas, almost like a 2 lane back road. Doable on a gravel bike or mountain bike and possibly a hybrid with wider tires such as 700x45's.

Panhandle Trail

great trail surface

April, 2025 by aldo_desalvo

The trail is mostly paved except for the Wv part and the end in pa Multiple parking areas. The trail is remote on the Wv side and a 16 mile up hill climb. Then down hill. The trail is not shaded

Rock Furnace Trail

great trail with nice views

April, 2025 by steve.herron

Well established and fun trail. Spring hike wasn’t too hot and the rain made the creeks fast and pretty. Park at the end of the trail and walked to the river and back. Uphill grade on the way back. Cool rocks and neat suspension bridge.

Great American Rail-Trail

Warden to Lind

April, 2025 by howmarplus3

Ok section, kind of dull. Agriculture & cows. Found a bit of shade by a grain elevator for lunch. Several washouts filled with tumbleweeds as you get closer to Lind.

Allegheny River Trail

Foxburg to Parker

April, 2025 by vicki1960

Early Spring Ride: Foxburg to Parker. This paved section is 2.5 miles in length runs between the two towns, along the Allegheny River and crosses the Clarion River. Trees are still bare. Spotted an Eagles nest across the river near the Clarion River Bridge (look towards Foxburg). On a sidenote, the Foxburg to Emlenton section is still dirt/mud and not developed as of yet.

Cowanshannock Trail

Nice hike

March, 2025 by vicki1960

Mid March, we parked at Snyder Park on Johnston Road at McMillen Road and headed out the trail to Buttermilk Falls. The trail is packed crushed limestone. Very scenic walk (hike) as it follows Cowanshannock Creek. Trail is a little over a mile in length, at the end you will find Buttermilk Falls.

Arboretum Trail

Nice walking/running path

March, 2025 by vicki1960

While in the area we checked out this trail. It's a nice place for walking/running. No pets, bikes, roller blades, etc. Very handy for those who live in or around Oakmont. There are no designated parking lots so park wherever you can find a spot along Allegheny River Blvd. Good luck navigating through the borough of Oakmont as it seems every turn is right turn only and the traffic lights take forever. Worth it though if you end up at Oakmont Bakery, 2 blocks from the trail!

John C. Oliver Multi-Purpose Loop Trail

Winter Walk

February, 2025 by vicki1960

Lots of snow, then melt, then more snow, then ice, then thaw. Mid February the latest conditions are ice on the bottom, several inches of hard packed snow in the middle, and 1/2" of fresh powder on top. Actually great for XC skiing and walking.

Moraine State Park Bike Trail

Winter Walk

January, 2025 by vicki1960

Enjoyed a short winter walk on the trail. Surface under all the snow is pavement. Mid January it's got about 6" of packed non smooth snow and ice mixture on it. Ok for walking, could be difficult on a bicycle, maybe could use a fat tire bike.

Find Nearby City trails

Register for free!

Register for free with TrailLink today!

We're a non-profit all about helping you enjoy the outdoors
  • View over 40,000 miles of trail maps
  • Share your trail photos
  • Save your own favorite trails
  • Learn about new trails near you
  • Leave reviews for trails
  • Add new and edit existing trails

Get the Free TrailLink App

The trail is always better with TrailLink

Scan the QR code to get TrailLink on your phone

Explore by City

Explore by City

Explore by Activity

Explore by Activity

Log in to your account to:

  • View trail paths on the map
  • Save trails to your account
  • Add trails, edit descriptions
  • Share photos
  • Add reviews

Log in with Google

Log in with Apple

OR

Register for free!

Join TrailLink (a non-profit) to view more than 40,000 miles of trail maps and more!

Register with Google

Register with Apple

OR

Your account has been deleted.